Wednesday, April 23, 2025

Review of The Hundred Years' War on Palestine by Rashid Khalidi

This book review was written by Eugene Kernes   

Book can be found in: 
Book Club Event = Book List (09/06/2025)
Intriguing Connections = 1) Get To Know The Peoples Of The World (Israel, Palestine


Watch Short Review


Excerpts

“Such radical social engineering at the expense of the indigenous population is the way of all colonial settler movements.  In Palestine, it was a necessary precondition for transforming most of an overwhelmingly Arab country into a predominantly Jewish state.  As this book will argue, the modern history of Palestine can best be understood in these terms: as a colonial war waged against the indigenous population, by a variety of parties, to force them to relinquish their homeland to another people against their will.” – Rashid Khalidi, Introduction, Page 9

 

“This leaves the thorny issue of how to wean Israelis from their attachment to inequality, which is often coded as and justified by a need for security.  This perceived need is to a large extent rooted in a real history of insecurity and persecution, but in response to this past trauma, generations have now been brought up on a reflexive dogma of aggressive nationalism whose tenacious hold will be hard to break.” – Rashid Khalidi, Conclusion: A Century of War on the Palestinians, Page 245

 

“While the fundamentally colonial nature of the Palestinian-Israel encounter must be acknowledged, there are now two people in Palestine, irrespective of how they came into being, and the conflict between them cannot be resolved as long as the national existence of each is denied by the other.  Their mutual acceptance can only be based on complete equality of rights, including national rights, notwithstanding the crucial historical differences between the two.” – Rashid Khalidi, Conclusion: A Century of War on the Palestinians, Page 246


Review

Is This An Overview?

Palestine was governed by the Ottoman Empire until the end of WWI.  While various regions gained independence and sovereignty, Palestine was occupied by the British.  The British took over governance of Palestine.  To obtain influence in the region, the British enabled an autonomous Zionist para-state, facilitated Jewish immigration into the region.  Zionism was to take over the sovereignty of Palestine.  But Palestine was populated by a people, with a vibrant and developing Arab society.  Propaganda efforts made Palestine appear to be a barren and empty region.  A method of denying Palestinians political representation, cultural heritage, and existence. 

 

While Zionism was being politically represented, the Palestinians lacked official political standing which prevented the Palestinians from diplomatic ventures and gaining internal cohesion.  A Palestinian revolt failed due to a lack of direction and division among the Palestinians, a revolt which devasted the Arab population.  The events of WWII further reduced Palestinian control over the region, as there were many more Jewish immigrants. 

 

As global political power shifted after WWII, the United States and USSR favored dividing Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state.  Palestine was caught in a rivalry between the United States and Russia, with Israel supported by the United States and various Arab states supported by Russia.  The partition caused most Arabs in Palestine to be under the state of Israel. 

 

Many Palestinians were turned into refugees.  Palestinians had their movements restricted.  There was a Nakba, which was an ethnic cleansing, and destruction or theft of economic production capacity.  The Palestinian sovereign identity would emerge internationally after a first strike by Israel in 1967.  The resolution to the Palestine-Israel conflict would require mutual acceptance of each other’s existence.  Acceptance of each other’s sovereignty. 

 

Caveats?

This is a politically sensitive book, meant as a counternarrative to various claims about who the Palestinians are, and what has happened to the Palestinians.  While most of the book is a history of events, that feature harmful Israel actions, the references to Palestinian harmful actions are minimized and deflected away from.


Questions to Consider while Reading the Book

•What is the raison d’etre of the book?  For what purpose did the author write the book?  Why do people read this book?
•What are some limitations of the book?
•To whom would you suggest this book?
•What were Theodor Herzl claims and how did Yusuf Diya respond?
•What happened to the Palestinian identity?  
•What were Jews meant to bring to Palestine? 
•What was the political and economic situation of Palestine before WWI?
•What was the political situation of Palestine after WWI?
•Is Palestine a colonial settler movement? 
•How is Palestine presented by the Zionism movement before Jewish colonialization? 
•What is the Balfour Declaration? 
•Why did the British want Palestine? 
•What methods were used in the British occupation of Palestine? 
•What regions gained sovereignty after WWI? 
•Which political entities governed Palestine historically?
•What caused Jews to immigrate to Palestine? 
•What caused the 1936-1939 revolt and what was the outcome?  
•How did the Palestine – Israel partition effect the Palestinian inhabitants?  
•How did the Arab League effect Palestinians? 
•How did the lack of a centralized state effect Palestine? 
•What enabled the partition of Palestine into Israel and Palestine? 
•What is Nakba? 
•How did Nakba effect states beyond Palestine? 
•How did the United States support Israel? 
•How was the Fatah formed in 1959?
•What happened during the 1967 war? 
•How did Security Council Resolution 242 effect Palestine? 
•Was and is Israel facing an existential crisis?
•What did the Arab states during the 1960s-1970s think of Israel’s military power?
•What was the 1985 war? 
•What is an Intifada? 
•What is the PLO? 
•What is Hamas? 
•How did the USA Patriot Act of 2001 effect Palestine? 
•How can the Palestine-Israel conflict be resolved? 
•How is the United States perceived by Arab states? 

Book Details
Edition:                   First Metropolitan Paperbacks Edition
Publisher:               Metropolitan Books [Macmillan Publishing Group]
Edition ISBN:         9781250787651
Pages to read:          255
Publication:             2022
1st Edition:              2020
Format:                    Paperback 

Ratings out of 5:
Readability    5
Content          5
Overall          5






Saturday, April 19, 2025

Review of My Two Chinas: The Memoir of a Chinese Counterrevolutionary by Baiqiao Tang

This book review was written by Eugene Kernes   

Book can be found in: 
Genre = History
Intriguing Connections = 1) What It Means to be an Activist


Watch Short Review

Excerpts

“My professors didn’t have us read great treatises on political philosophy.  They didn’t challenge us to think.  We were graded on how clearly we regurgitated Communist platitudes, how willingly we wanted to serve as gears in a big machine.  It was forbidden to question whether or not the machine really worked, to wonder why it had been constructed, or who it was built to serve.  Thinkers were not welcome.  Parrots earned high marks.  Our lessons focused entirely on Marxist/Leninist theories, and how Mao had used these theories to change China for the better.  A widely debatable notion at best.” – Baiqiao Tang, Part Two: Student, Page 60

 


“As part of my course in Ideological Education for Criminals, I was taught the government’s labor reform policy, which the cadres made a frequent mantra.  “Reform first!  Production second!”  A blatant falsification.  At Longxi, as in so many other Chinese prisons, production always came first, second, and all the time.  No one cared about reform.  In the end, it all boiled down to prisoners being used as slave labor to maximize government profits.” – Baiqiao Tang, Part 5: Counterrevolutionary, Page 181

 


“There are two Chinas.  I have known them both.  One is the global superpower whose rich ancient culture and generous people have already made their influence known in the world of the twenty-first century.  The other China is whispered about: a brutal, corrupt autocratic regime whose long list of human rights offenses soils her dignity, brings about shame.  To me, this is not enlightened.  I have fought to raise my people’s hope and fought to raise their consciousness.  There is still a long way to fight.” – Baiqiao Tang, Epilogue, Pages 304-305



Review

Is This An Overview?

There are two Chinas.  One whose culture and generous people have influenced the world, and another that is an oppressive regime that violates human rights and punishes thinking.  One China promotes wanted values, while another China hides the consequences of the government’s decisions.  While equality is the declared virtue, there is drastic inequality.  Those who work for the government, the Chinese Communist Party, are rewarded with a quality livelihood, everyone else is shunned and suffers.  There is a lack of methods for people to express their disapproval and change the situation. 

 

In an effort to improve the conditions of China, Baiqiao Tang took to political activism, using peaceful methods.  Became a recognized student activist.  Baiqiao Tang was influenced by Hu Yaobang.  Hu Yaobang was someone the people recognized as wanting to help the people.  Hu Yaobang wanted democracy, transparency, open society, a culture of freedom.  Hu Yaobang would eventually lose the favor of the government.  Hu Yaobang’s death was trivialized by the government, but the people wanted to honor Hu Yaobang.  Students represented the Chinese people, entered Tiananmen Square to mourn Hu Yaobang.  A peaceful demonstration that ended with the government using violence, which included shooting protestors. 

 

After the events of Tiananmen Square, the government went after student leaders.  As a student leader, Baiqiao Tang was forced to flee, to become a fugitive.  Eventually was captured, and spent to prison.  A prison system that tortures the prisoners.  A political system that turns people into prisoners to use them for forced labor.  Prisoners are a cheap labor force given the lack of medical care, and provisions.  Prison labor is a source of profits for the state. 

 

What Lead To Tiananmen Square?

After Mao Zedong’s death, Deng Xiaoping gained power.  Hu Yaobang was Deng Xiaoping’s ally.  Deng Xiaoping and Hu Yaobang were critical of Mao Zedong, and gained popularity by encouraging people to vent their outrage.  Although Deng Xiaoping enabled China to become more international and provide local representation, Deng Xiaoping’s regime was as ruthless and cruel as that of Mao Zedong.  After Deng Xiaoping stopped criticizing Mao Zedong, people recognized Hu Yaobang as the reformer who wanted the change to favor the people. 

 

After Baiqiao Tang, students gathered at Tiananmen Square.  Hu Yaobang was a catalyst, but the event was for the people.  Although Tiananmen Square was a peaceful movement, the People’s Liberation Army was asked to uphold martial law.  The protestors overwhelmed the army with kindness.  Another brigade was sent, which opened fire on unarmed people.  A peaceful movement that the government reciprocated with violence.  The carnage would be described by the government as a riot. 

 

Caveats?

While parts of the book are historic events for which there are various corroborating claims, the book is primarily based on a single perspective.  There are accounts of conversations and other minute personal details which would be difficult to remember clearly, but this does not affect the quality of the sentiments shared.


Questions to Consider while Reading the Book

•What is the raison d’etre of the book?  For what purpose did the author write the book?  Why do people read this book?
•What are some limitations of the book?
•To whom would you suggest this book?
•What are the two Chinas? 
•What change did Baiqiao Tang want for China?
•How did Baiqiao Tang want to change China?
•How were people treated should they have, directly or inadvertently, shown disrespect to Mao Zedong? 
•What is a juelu? 
•What happened to Qu Yuan? 
•What was Baiqiao Tang’s grandfather’s influence on Baiqiao Tang?
•What was Baiqiao Tang’s father’s influence on Baiqiao Tang?
•How was Baiqiao Tang’s father treated by the community?
•What happened to Baiqiao Tang’s father? 
•Where did employees live? 
•How does Chinese culture think of the individual? 
•What was the Xinhai Revolution? 
•Who was Hu Yaobang? 
•Who was Mao Zedong? 
•Who was Deng Xiaoping? 
•How were the Japanese repelled in the 1930s?
•What happened to the GMD? 
•How did Mao Zedong keep power? 
•What was the standard political rehabilitation? 
•How did Deng Xiaoping and Hu Yaobang gain power? 
•What did Deng Xiaoping change and keep from the previous administration? 
•What happened to Tibet? 
•Why did Deng Xiaoping change views about Mao Zedong?
•What was the Cultural Revolution?
•Who did Deng Xiaoping blame for the consequences of the Cultural Revolution?
•What is the Politburo? 
•What did students want from the governor of Hunan during 1986?
•What happened when Baiqiao Tang wanted to change majors?
•How did the CCP effect the quality of life for the people who supported the CCP and did not support the CCP? 
•How was political science taught in China?
•What did Chinese professors think of Democracy? 
•What would happen if someone was accused of not having boundless loyalty to Mao?
•How did communism effect China? 
•Why do Chinese universities have Western books?
•How did Baiqiao Tang decide to learn? 
•Who was Teacher Gao? 
•How did people react to the death of Hu Yaobang? 
•What happened in Tiananmen Square during 1976?
•Who is Sun Dan?
•What happened to Shandong? 
•How did Dai Hai effect Baiqiao Tang?
•What occurred during Baiqiao Tang’s trip to Beijing during the Tiananmen Square event? 
•What happened to Gorbachev’s visit in China? 
•How did the people in Tiananmen Square interact with the People’s Liberation Army? 
•What brigades were sent after the People’s Liberation Army?
•How did people find out about what was happening in Tiananmen Square?
•How many people were claimed to be killed and were actually killed in Tiananmen Square?
•What happened to student leaders?
•What happened on the train ride with Pan?
•What does a shaved head represent? 
•Why was Baiqiao Tang wanted by the government?
•What does Baiqiao Tang learn about being spied on by the government? 
•What could a message be encoded?  
•How did Baiqiao Tang get caught? 
•How long did Baiqiao Tang stay in jail?
•How were prisoners treated?
•What is the effect of prisoner work effort? 
•Who are the laouto yuba?
•What happened to Hei Ma?
•How would guards use batons?
•What was gui bian?
•What was Baiqiao Tang legally tried for?  
•What happened at Baiqiao Tang sentencing? 
•Who was Zhao Yuen?
•How were prisoners politically reeducated? 
•What was the merit policy?
•How did Zeng Qingxi use the merit policy? 
•What was the health care in the prisons?  
•What happens to the body of a deceased in China?
•What happened to Baiqiao Tang’s father’s body?
•Where did Baiqiao Tang work after prison?
•How to have business in China?
•How did Baiqiao Tang escape China?
•What happened to Christians in China?
•What is the Chinese language barrier? 
•What exiled Chinese think of China? 
•What happens to intelligence when people are repressed? 
•How did the Dalai Lama respond to China?
•How effective does China censor information? 

Book Details
Put together by Author: Damon DiMarco 
Foreword Author:   Dalai Lama
Preface Author:       Jeff Widener
Introduction Author: Robert Thurman
Publisher:               Prometheus Books
Edition ISBN:         9781616144456
Pages to read:          299
Publication:             2011
1st Edition:              2011
Format:                    Hardcover

Ratings out of 5:
Readability    5
Content          5
Overall          5






Tuesday, April 15, 2025

Review of Fluke: Chance, Chaos, and Why Everything We Do Matters by Brian Klaas

This book review was written by Eugene Kernes   

Book can be found in: 
Book Club Event = Book List (06/14/2025)
Intriguing Connections = 1) The Style of Math, 2) How Does Data Get Use, And Misused?


Watch Short Review

Excerpts

“Yet, when we try to explain the world – to explain who we are, how we got here, and why the world works the way it does – we ignore the flukes.  The squished bugs, the missed buses, all of it we dismiss as meaningless.  We willfully ignore a bewildering truth: but for a few small changes, our lives and our societies could be profoundly different.  Instead, we return again and again to the stripped-down, storybook version of reality, as we seek new knowledge of straightforward causes and effects.  X causes Y, and X is always a major factor, never a minor or random or accidental tweak.” – Brian Klaas, Chapter 1: Introduction, Pages 11-2

 

“If you squint at reality for more than a moment, you’ll realize that we’re inextricably linked to one another across time and space.  In an intertwined world such as ours, everything we do matters because our ripples can produce storms – or calm them – in the lives of others.  That means that we control far less of our world than we think we do, because earth-shattering events can develop based on strange, unexpected interactions that are nearly impossible to predict.  It feels more comforting to pretend the opposite: that we, as individuals, are in charge of an ordered, separable world.  So, pretend we do.” – Brian Klaas, Chapter 2: Changing Anything Changes Everything, Page 29


“Our brains are therefore designed to allow us to quickly categorize people and assess, even subconsciously, whether we should listen to them.  We often get it wrong.  Plenty of serious-seeming people in slick suits with eminent degrees and an abundance of charming confidence have repeatedly crashed the economy, dragged us into wars, and inflicted tremendous global suffering.  So, it’s not just who says something, but how we perceive the person saying it.  Contingency upon contingency upon contingency.  We may refer to the messenger mattering as much as the message as the Cassandra problem, yet another cognitive bias that can change history in irrational, arbitrary ways.” – Brian Klaas, Chapter 9: Everyone’s a Butterfly, Page 157


Review

Is This An Overview?

The methodology of cause and effect has enabled people to navigate a complex reality, to make reality understandable.  The problem is that cause and effect leaves out other causes of change, such as flukes.  Events occur not just because of a rational decision, but because of random events.  An outcome can be dependent on a series of contingent events, which just happen to coincide.  Outcomes might not be proportional to the cause, as small changes can drastically affect what happens through a cascade of influence.  A reason for failing to notice how flukes effect life, is due to how the brain processes information.  The brain operates by finding patterns, even in randomness.  The brain will rationalize the randomness into a coherent narrative of events, that discounts randomness and chance. 

 

The options that a person has, or does not have, depends on everything and everyone that came before, and contemporaries.  Everyone is linked, intertwined, for every moment is a composition of decisions and fluke events that affect others and oneself.  Small acts can wreak havoc or provide calm in the lives of others.  Individuals do not have much control over their own lives, but everyone influences everything. 

 

Caveats?

This book is filled with various examples of fluke events.  Interest in the examples depends on the reader.  The examples can be short, and can miss details which can produce a different evaluation of whether an event was a fluke or not.  A fluke can sometimes appear as an event that lacks an explanation, an event that needs to be studied more.  As the emphasis is on fluke events, on randomness, as they tend to be culturally dismissed by those seeking cause and effect explanations, the emphasis can seem to dismiss cause and effect.


Questions to Consider while Reading the Book

•What is the raison d’etre of the book?  For what purpose did the author write the book?  Why do people read this book?
•What are some limitations of the book?
•To whom would you suggest this book?
•What is a fluke?
•How much effect can the smallest act have?
•How does the methodology of cause and effect, affect how people think?
•What is the difference between contingency and convergence?
•What is the disconnect between how do people think of the past and the present?
•What is the delusion of individualism? 
•How much control do people have?   How much influence do people have?
•During WWII, why were the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki rather than other cities? 
•What is amor fati? 
•What effect did the asteroid that crashed into the Yucatan Peninsula have on the planet? 
•What is Laplace’s Demon?
•What is the butterfly effect?
•What is the difference between how Western and Eastern philosophy considers the individual?
•What happened to the marbled crayfish? 
•What do people think they want, and what do people actually obtain?  What kind of reality do people have?
•How do brain process information?
•What is the paradox of the swarm?   
•What is path dependency?
•What is the effect of adaptive systems? 
•What is emergence?  
•What is self-organized criticality? 
•What caused WWI?
•What are Heraclitus Rules?
•How have oracles changed? 
•What is the difference between risk and uncertainty? 
•What was and was not known about Bin Laden?
•What is rational choice theory?
•How do narratives effect information retention? 
•How was Britainy created? 
•What was the Pine Tree Riot?
•Would you kill baby Hitler? 
•What is the Great Man Theory?
•What is the Cassandra problem?
•What was the conflict between Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn?
•What defined the week?
•What is P-hacking?
•What is the publication bias?
•What is truthiness?
•What is mathiness?
•What was the Fragile Families Challenge?
•What effect did On the Nature of Things have?
•What is the paradox of 21st century life?

Book Details
Publisher:               Scribner [Simon & Schuster]
Edition ISBN:         9781668006542
Pages to read:          233
Publication:             2024
1st Edition:              2024
Format:                    eBook 

Ratings out of 5:
Readability    5
Content          5
Overall          5






Friday, April 11, 2025

Review of The Call of the Wild by Jack London

This book review was written by Eugene Kernes   

Book can be found in: 
Book Club Event = Book List (06/07/2025)
Intriguing Connections = 1) To Cooperate Or To Defect?, 2) How to Teach? How to Learn?


Watch Short Review

Excerpts

“Buck did not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble was brewing, not alone for himself, but for every tide-water dog, strong of muscle and with warm, long hair, from Puget Sound to San Diego.  Because men, groping in the Arctic darkness, had found a yellow metal, and because steamship and transportation companies were booming the find, thousands of men were rushing into the Northland.  These men wanted dogs, and the dogs they wanted were heavy dogs, with strong muscles by which to toil, and furry coats to protect them from the frost.” – Jack London, Chapter 1: Into the Primitive, Page 7


“Buck had accepted the rope with quiet dignity.  To be sure, it was an unwonted performance: but he had learned to trust in men he knew, and to give them credit for a wisdom that outreached his own.  But when the ends of the rope were placed in the stranger’s hands, he growled menacingly.  He had merely intimated his displeasure, in his pride believing that to intimate was to command.  But to his surprise the rope tightened around his neck, shutting off his breath.  In quick rage he sprang at the man, who met him halfway, grappled him close by the throat, and with a deft twist threw him over on his back.” – Jack London, Chapter 1: Into the Primitive, Page 9


“He was beaten (he knew that); but he was not broken.  He saw, once for all, that he stood no chance against a man with a club.  He had learned the lesson, and in all his after life he never forgot it.  That club was a revelation.  It was his introduction to the reign of primitive law, and he met the introduction halfway.  The facts of life took on a fiercer aspect; and while he faced that aspect uncowed, he faced it with all the latent cunning of his nature aroused.” – Jack London, Chapter 1: Into the Primitive, Page 14


Review

Is This An Overview?

After gold was found, people needed strong dogs for hauling products, which had furry coats to protect themselves from the frost.  Buck was such a dog.  Buck was part of a loving family, and trusted familiar people.  Someone Buck trusted traded Buck for money.  Buck was proud but forced into submission by the thieves.  Joined other dogs who were forced into submission.  Buck was forced to be part of a sled dog team, used for hauling.  Buck had to learn to overcome the cold, hunger, and exhaustion.  Buck had to fight to stay alive.  Buck developed unscrupulous behavior as a method of survival.  Developed the primal instincts of Buck’s wolf ancestors.  How can Buck overcome the miserable situation?

 

Caveats?

The book can be difficult to read due to antediluvian references and language.  Language that is representative of the era.


Questions to Consider while Reading the Book

•What is the raison d’etre of the book?  For what purpose did the author write the book?  Why do people read this book?
•What are some limitations of the book?
•To whom would you suggest this book?
•Who is Buck? 
•Why did people want dogs like Buck?
•What was Buck’s life like at Judge Miller’s place?
•What happened at the Raisin Grower’s Association meeting?
•Who stole Buck and why?
•What lesson did Buck learn about the man with a club?
•Who is Spitz?
•Who is Francois? 
•How did Buck learn to sleep in the cold?
•What was Buck’s experience being part of a sled dog team?  
•How fast did Buck eat? 
•Why did Buck steal?
•How did Buck’s behavior change by being a sled dog?
•How did Buck’s change physically?  
•Which dog was the lead dog?
•Who was Mercedes?
•Who was Hal?
•Who was John Thornton?
•What was the relationship between John Thornton and Buck?
•What bet did John Thornton place on Buck?
•What happened when Buck was able to go into the woods?
•Who are the Yeehats and what happened to them?
•How does the treatment of a pet affect the pet? 

Book Details
Publisher:               Fingerprint Classics [Prakash Books India]
Edition ISBN:         9789358569469
Pages to read:          85
Publication:             2023
1st Edition:              1903
Format:                    eBook 

Ratings out of 5:
Readability    2
Content          2
Overall          2






Monday, April 7, 2025

Review of The End of the World Is Just the Beginning: Mapping the Collapse of Globalization by Peter Zeihan

This book review was written by Eugene Kernes   

Book can be found in: 
Genre = Economics
Book Club Event = Book List (05/24/2025)


Watch Short Review

Excerpts

“At each stage, we pulled a bit of labor out of agriculture and into new industries that managed, leveraged, or improved the very agriculture the labor had originally come from.  The steadily increasing levels of labor specialization and urbanization first gave us towns, then city-states, then kingdoms, and eventually empires.  Sedentary agriculture may have given us more calories while deserts provided better security, but it took the power of rivers to put us on the road to civilization.” – Peter Zeihan, Section 1: The End of an Era, Page 19


“With cities popping up anywhere the rain fell and the wind blew, cultures found themselves in each other’s faces all the time.  Wars involved players with better food supplies and increasingly capable technologies, meaning that war didn’t simply become more common, it also became more destructive.  For the first time, the existence of a human population was linked to specific pieces of infrastructure.  Destroy the windmills and you could starve an opposing population.” – Peter Zeihan, Section 1: The End of an Era, Page 21


“At war’s end the Americans used Bretton Woods to create the globalized Order and fundamentally change the rules of the game.  Instead of subjugating their allies and enemies, they offered peace and protection.  They transformed regional geopolitics by putting nearly all the warring empires of the previous age – in many cases countries that had been in a shifting, cutthroat competition with one another for centuries – on the same team.  Inter-imperial rivalry gave way to inter-state cooperation.  Military competition was banned among the Bretton Woods participants, enabling the former empires (and in many cases, their former colonies) to focus their efforts not on armies or navies or borders, but instead on infrastructure and education and development.” – Peter Zeihan, Section 1: The End of an Era, Page 44


Review

Is This an Overview?

Trade is fragile.  Trade needs people to want to exchange products for what others have.  As people became numerous due to advances in food production, more people were able to do something other than produce food.  Developing industries to manage, leverage, and improve agriculture.  Increasing specialization.  The development of cities had people encounter other people more often, which could provide alternative nonperishable products but also escalated conflicts.  Deepwater navigation reduced the costs to transporting products, making trade more accessible.  Alternative forms of energy to muscles, water, or wind made people less dependent on the weather for trade.  What made international trade possible was a negotiated peace, that each state would not compete militarily with other states. 

 

States have become dependent on global trade to function.  Trade has enabled specialization for which states cannot do without.  Without access to trade, the consequences are civilization shattering.  Very few geographies have the needed resources and access to industry to be self-sufficient. 

 

Causes of deglobalization are a byproduct of demographics, for most states have lower fertility with an older population.  Less people and future workers make economic integration too costly.  Trade would decline.  Less trade leads to less specialization, which reduces productivity that causes various shortages.  Shortages that are part of a cascade of social and economic breakdowns that drastically effect civilization.

 

Caveats?

A complex but simplified history is presented.  The simplification of historical references leads to various misleading assumptions that effect the analysis.  

 

The language of the book can make the book a more interesting, funnier read.  The consequence of the language is to reduce the quality of the analysis. 

 

Globalization has problems, which the author references.  There are alternative solutions that do not lead into a catastrophic future. 


Questions to Consider while Reading the Book

•What is the raison d’etre of the book?  For what purpose did the author write the book?  Why do people read this book?
•What are some limitations of the book?
•To whom would you suggest this book?
•How did fertilizer effect food production?
•What were the initial fertilizers?
•Where did people settle during the hunter/gatherer era? 
•What happened when people tried to farm?
•What is a Geography of Success?
•What can a river provide? 
•What can be done with surplus food
•What was the effect of the windmill? 
•How did improved infrastructure effect a people’s survival? 
•What was for trade before deepwater navigation?  How did deepwater navigation effect trade?
•What was the effect of the industrial revolution?  
•What is the cost of industrialization?  
•What Order did the Bretton Woods create? 
•What happened to wanting children? 
•What effect does industrialization have on the demographics of a state? 
•What effect did globalization have on small communities? 
•What is the effect of deglobalization? 
•What is the effect of tech competition? 
•What economic systems are possible in a deglobalized world? 
•How much gold is there?
•What is the price of internal unification?
•How is transportation effected by deglobalization?
•How is finance effected by deglobalization?
•How is energy effected by deglobalization?
•How are industrial materials effected by deglobalization?
•How is agriculture effected by deglobalization?

Book Details
Edition:                  Digital Edition
Publisher:               Harper Business [HarperCollins Publishers]
Edition ISBN:         9780063230484
Pages to read:          439
Publication:             2022
1st Edition:              2022
Format:                    eBook 

Ratings out of 5:
Readability    5
Content          3
Overall          3